09Worked examples
Three plants, routed end to end.
Illustrative examples showing how plant type drives flow, equipment and variable approvals.
Example A · Fabrication & Machining Plant
Metal Fabrication & Machining Plant
B2B precision components
- Raw material
- Incoming inspection
- Cutting
- Machining / Forming
- Joining
- Finishing
- Dimensional inspection
- Packing
- Dispatch
Equipment
- Cutting equipment
- CNC machining
- Forming
- Welding
- Finishing
- Metrology
Variable approvals
- Pollution category for finishing and fumes
- Waste handling for process residues
- Pressure equipment where applicable
Priorities
- Process routing
- Fixtures and tooling control
- Dimensional inspection capability
Example B · Process / Component Manufacturing
Plastics Injection-Moulding Plant
Industrial or consumer plastic components
- Polymer receipt
- Storage / Drying
- Moulding
- Inspection
- Secondary operation
- Assembly
- Packaging
Equipment
- Moulding machines
- Moulds and tooling
- Dryers
- Chillers
- Material handling
Variable approvals
- Pollution category for emissions and scrap
- Product requirements where end use is regulated
- Utility approvals for connected load
Priorities
- Mould and tool control
- Process parameter discipline
- Cycle time and energy per unit
Example C · Electronics Plant
PCB Assembly Plant
Electronic assemblies / finished devices
- Component receipt
- Moisture / ESD storage
- Solder paste printing
- Placement
- Reflow
- Inspection
- Programming
- Functional test
- Pack
Equipment
- Paste printer
- Pick-and-place
- Reflow oven
- AOI
- Test and programming stations
Variable approvals
- Product testing and certification requirements
- Technical approvals for wireless or telecom products
- Waste handling for electronic scrap
Priorities
- ESD and moisture control
- Test coverage
- Component traceability
- Firmware control